Google+ VLSI QnA: Multiplexers
Showing posts with label Multiplexers. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Multiplexers. Show all posts

Sunday, 20 April 2014

Digital Design Interview Questions - v1.1

Q.1) Implement OR and NOR using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) OR gate:
               Multiplexer equation: Y = I1.(S) + I0.not(S)
                                 I1 => '1' ; I0 => 'B' ; S => 'A'
                                                Y = 1.(A) + B.not(A)      
              Upon simplifying above equation, Y = A + B
               
                 











                NOR gate:
                Multiplexer equation: Y = I1.(S) + I0.not(S)
                                 I1 => '0' ; I0 => 'not(B)' ; S => 'A'
                                                Y = 0.(A) + not(B).not(A)      
                Upon simplifying above equation, Y = not(A+B)

                                           NOR gate using multiplexer

Q.2) Implement EX-OR and EX-NOR gates using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) EX-OR gate:
               Multiplexer equation: Y = I1.(S) + I0.not(S)
                                 I1 => 'not(B)' ; I0 => 'B' ; S => 'A'
                                                Y = not(B).(A) + B.not(A)  
    
                                         XOR gate using multiplexer
               
               EX-NOR gate:
               Multiplexer equation: Y = I1.(S) + I0.not(S)
                                 I1 => 'B' ; I0 => 'not(B)' ; S => 'A'
                                                Y = B.(A) + not(B).not(A)  

                                        XNOR gate using multiplexer

Q.3) Implement latch using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) Multiplexer equation: Y = I1.(S) + I0.not(S)
                                 I1 => 'D' ; I0 => 'Q' ; S => 'En'
                                                Y = D.(En) + Q.not(En)

Latch using multiplexer

Q.4) Implement D flip-flop using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) In the below implementation of flip flop, two muxes are used. The flip flop shown below is a negedge D flip flop.

D flip flop using multiplexer

Q.5) Implement T flip-flip using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) T flip-flop using D flip-flop :

T flip flop using multiplexer


Digital Design Interview Questions - v1.0

Q.1) Implement inverter using NAND Gate?

Answer)  The key to solving such type of questions is, first draw the truth table of the gate given and then the table for what you want to achieve.
           
             
Truth table for AND and INVERTER Gate
Truth table for AND and INVERTER Gate
                  From the truth table,
                         when both inputs => 0, output => 1 (same as inverter)
                         when both inputs => 1, output => 0 (same as inverter)
                 
                   Implementation of Inverter using NAND Gate.

Inverter using NAND gate
Inverter using NAND gate

                    Another Implementation :
Inverter using NAND gate
Inverter using NAND gate

                     NAND Expression : Y = not(A) or not (B)
                     If B => 1
                     Y = not(A) or not(1) => Y = not (A) or '0'
                                                           Y = not (A) ----> inverter

Q.2) Implement inverter using only NOR gate.

Answer)  NOR Expression: Y = not(A) and not(B)
                When both inputs => '0' , output => '1'
                When both inputs => '1' , output => '0'

                Another Implementation:

                NOR Expression : Y = not(A) and not(B)
                If B => '0'
                Y = not(A) and not(0)
                Y = not(A) and '1'
                Y = not(A) ---> inverter


Inverter using NOR gate
Inverter using NOR gate
                           

Q.3) Implement inverter using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) Multiplexer Equation :
               Out = S1.S + S0.not(S)
                If S1 => '0' ; S0 => '1'
                Out = 0.(S) + 1.not(S),
                Out=  not(S) ---> inverter
Inverter using multiplexer
Inverter using multiplexer

Q.4) Implement AND gate using 2-to-1 multiplexer.               

Answer) Multiplexer Equation :                     
               Out = S1.S + S0.not(S)
                If S0 => '0'
                Out = S1.S
                   S1 => 'A'
                Out = A.S    ---> AND gate
AND gate using multiplexer
AND gate using multiplexer

Q.5) Implement NAND gate using 2-to-1 multiplexer.

Answer) Multiplexer Equation :
               Out = S1.S + S0.not (S)
               S0 => '1';
               S1 => not(A);
               Out = not(A).S + not(S)   ---> NAND gate
               Simplifying it further,
               Out = (not(S) + S)(not(A) + not(S))
               Out = 1.(not(A) + not(S))
               Out = not(A) + not(S)   ----> NAND gate
             
NAND gate using multiplexer
NAND gate using multiplexer